Physics:

• WTF is Dark Matter?
• Where antimatter?

Chemistry/materials:

• Better batteries
• Better solar cells

Biology/medicine:

• What causes aging, and how do we stop it?
• Cure cancer
• More HHV vaccines
• Extinct malaria

Selfishly, as a biologist, I would like to see:

• Reconciliation of rates of evolution that scales from microevolution to macroevolution
• Accurate/reasonable estimation of lineage death rates for macroevolutionary diversification analysis
• (extension of previous) Reasonably estimate fossilization probability for (more) accurate clade age estimates
• Moving beyond phylogenetic trees (phylogenetic networks are a step in the right direction I think)

As a citizen of Earth, I would like to see:

• Actual plastic recycling that dramatically reduces the need for virgin petro-chemicals
• A 3D printer beyond plastics (I think this kind of a thing, but I would like it to scale for consumers and industry)
• A less massive battery that can be used for commercial flight
• Better earthquake detection

As a person who enjoys knee-deep sci-fi, I would like to see:

• FTL travel
• Futurama style heads-in-a-jar
• A Dyson sphere or swarm
• A hyperloop

As a (frustrated) scientist I would like to see:

• Society move beyond “societal utility” of scientific studies/discovery and embrace “science for the sake of science”

I want to see tiny batteries that can store a ton of power, or tiny engines that can pull energy from their surroundings. Would lead to soooooo many innovations.