Most of the time you pass by reference for more outputs, or by const ref to avoid copying a big-ass data structure (which is not always straightforward, with structures smaller than a pointer, which are pretty big in 64 bits architecture, you lose more to the ref overhead than to the copy IIRC)

Reference values are quite useful, such as:

double valOut;
if (parseDouble(valOut) == 0) { //Argument of parseDouble is ref type, no & needed for input, no exceptions needed for error handling
    [...] //No error, code executed normally
} else {
    [...] //Erroreus input
}